package scraper import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" "io" "net/http" "net/url" "time" log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus" ) const API_CONVERSATION_BASE_PATH = "https://twitter.com/i/api/2/timeline/conversation/" const API_USER_TIMELINE_BASE_PATH = "https://api.twitter.com/2/timeline/profile/" type API struct { IsAuthenticated bool GuestToken string AuthenticationToken string } func NewGuestSession() API { guestAPIString, err := GetGuestToken() if err != nil { panic(err) } return API{ IsAuthenticated: false, GuestToken: guestAPIString, AuthenticationToken: "", } } func (api *API) LogIn(username string, password string) { // TODO authentication: Log in and save the authentication token(s), set `IsAuthenticated = true` panic("TODO") } func (api API) do_http(url string, cursor string, result interface{}) error { client := &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second} req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Error initializing HTTP request:\n %w", err) } if cursor != "" { query := req.URL.Query() query.Add("cursor", cursor) req.URL.RawQuery = query.Encode() } // Params for every request req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+BEARER_TOKEN) req.Header.Set("x-twitter-client-language", "en") if api.IsAuthenticated { // TODO authentication: add authentication headers/params } else { // Not authenticated; use guest token if api.GuestToken == "" { panic("No guest token set!") } req.Header.Set("X-Guest-Token", api.GuestToken) } resp, err := client.Do(req) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Error executing HTTP request:\n %w", err) } defer resp.Body.Close() if resp.StatusCode != 200 && resp.StatusCode != 403 { content, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { panic(err) } responseHeaders := "" for header := range resp.Header { responseHeaders += fmt.Sprintf(" %s: %s\n", header, resp.Header.Get(header)) } return fmt.Errorf("HTTP %s\n%s\n%s", resp.Status, responseHeaders, content) } body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Error reading response body:\n %w", err) } log.Debug(string(body)) err = json.Unmarshal(body, result) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing API response:\n %w", err) } return nil } // Add the query params to get all data func add_tweet_query_params(query *url.Values) { query.Add("include_profile_interstitial_type", "1") query.Add("include_blocking", "1") query.Add("include_blocked_by", "1") query.Add("include_followed_by", "1") query.Add("include_want_retweets", "1") query.Add("include_mute_edge", "1") query.Add("include_can_dm", "1") query.Add("include_can_media_tag", "1") query.Add("skip_status", "1") query.Add("cards_platform", "Web-12") query.Add("include_cards", "1") query.Add("include_ext_alt_text", "true") query.Add("include_quote_count", "true") query.Add("include_reply_count", "1") query.Add("tweet_mode", "extended") query.Add("include_entities", "true") query.Add("include_user_entities", "true") query.Add("include_ext_media_availability", "true") query.Add("send_error_codes", "true") query.Add("simple_quoted_tweet", "true") query.Add("include_tweet_replies", "true") query.Add("ext", "mediaStats,highlightedLabel") query.Add("count", "20") } func (api API) GetFeedFor(user_id UserID, cursor string) (TweetResponse, error) { // TODO: this function isn't actually used for anything (APIv2 is used instead) url, err := url.Parse(fmt.Sprintf("%s%d.json", API_USER_TIMELINE_BASE_PATH, user_id)) if err != nil { panic(err) } queryParams := url.Query() add_tweet_query_params(&queryParams) url.RawQuery = queryParams.Encode() var result TweetResponse err = api.do_http(url.String(), cursor, &result) return result, err } /** * Resend the request to get more tweets if necessary * * args: * - user_id: the user's UserID * - response: an "out" parameter; the TweetResponse that tweets, RTs and users will be appended to * - min_tweets: the desired minimum amount of tweets to get */ func (api API) GetMoreTweetsFromFeed(user_id UserID, response *TweetResponse, min_tweets int) error { // TODO user-feed-infinite-fetch: what if you reach the end of the user's timeline? Might loop // forever getting no new tweets last_response := response for last_response.GetCursor() != "" && len(response.GlobalObjects.Tweets) < min_tweets { fresh_response, err := api.GetFeedFor(user_id, last_response.GetCursor()) if err != nil { return err } if fresh_response.GetCursor() == last_response.GetCursor() && len(fresh_response.GlobalObjects.Tweets) == 0 { // Empty response, cursor same as previous: end of feed has been reached return END_OF_FEED } if fresh_response.IsEndOfFeed() { // Response has a pinned tweet, but no other content: end of feed has been reached return END_OF_FEED } last_response = &fresh_response // Copy over the tweets and the users for id, tweet := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Tweets { response.GlobalObjects.Tweets[id] = tweet } for id, user := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Users { response.GlobalObjects.Users[id] = user } fmt.Printf("Have %d tweets, and %d users so far\n", len(response.GlobalObjects.Tweets), len(response.GlobalObjects.Users)) } return nil } func (api API) GetSpace(id SpaceID) (SpaceResponse, error) { // TODO: break up this URL into params so it's readable url, err := url.Parse("https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/Ha9BKBF0uAz9d4-lz0jnYA/AudioSpaceById?variables=%7B%22id%22%3A%22" + string(id) + "%22%2C%22isMetatagsQuery%22%3Afalse%2C%22withSuperFollowsUserFields%22%3Atrue%2C%22withDownvotePerspective%22%3Afalse%2C%22withReactionsMetadata%22%3Afalse%2C%22withReactionsPerspective%22%3Afalse%2C%22withSuperFollowsTweetFields%22%3Atrue%2C%22withReplays%22%3Atrue%7D&features=%7B%22spaces_2022_h2_clipping%22%3Atrue%2C%22spaces_2022_h2_spaces_communities%22%3Atrue%2C%22responsive_web_twitter_blue_verified_badge_is_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22verified_phone_label_enabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22tweetypie_unmention_optimization_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22responsive_web_uc_gql_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22vibe_api_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22graphql_is_translatable_rweb_tweet_is_translatable_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22standardized_nudges_misinfo%22%3Atrue%2C%22tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22interactive_text_enabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22responsive_web_text_conversations_enabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled%22%3Atrue%7D") //nolint:lll // It's a URL, come on if err != nil { panic(err) } var result SpaceResponse err = api.do_http(url.String(), "", &result) return result, err } func (api API) GetTweet(id TweetID, cursor string) (TweetResponse, error) { url, err := url.Parse(fmt.Sprintf("%s%d.json", API_CONVERSATION_BASE_PATH, id)) if err != nil { panic(err) } queryParams := url.Query() if cursor != "" { queryParams.Add("referrer", "tweet") } add_tweet_query_params(&queryParams) url.RawQuery = queryParams.Encode() var result TweetResponse err = api.do_http(url.String(), cursor, &result) return result, err } // Resend the request to get more replies if necessary func (api API) GetMoreReplies(tweet_id TweetID, response *TweetResponse, max_replies int) error { last_response := response for last_response.GetCursor() != "" && len(response.GlobalObjects.Tweets) < max_replies { fresh_response, err := api.GetTweet(tweet_id, last_response.GetCursor()) if err != nil { return err } last_response = &fresh_response // Copy over the tweets and the users for id, tweet := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Tweets { response.GlobalObjects.Tweets[id] = tweet } for id, user := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Users { response.GlobalObjects.Users[id] = user } } return nil } func (api API) GetUser(handle UserHandle) (APIUser, error) { // TODO: break up this URL into params so it's readable url, err := url.Parse("https://api.twitter.com/graphql/4S2ihIKfF3xhp-ENxvUAfQ/UserByScreenName?variables=%7B%22screen_name%22%3A%22" + string(handle) + "%22%2C%22withHighlightedLabel%22%3Atrue%7D") if err != nil { panic(err) } var result UserResponse for retries := 0; retries < 3; retries += 1 { result = UserResponse{} // Clear any previous result err = api.do_http(url.String(), "", &result) if err != nil { return APIUser{}, err } if len(result.Errors) == 0 { // Success; no retrying needed break } if result.Errors[0].Code != 50 || result.Errors[0].Name == "NotFoundError" { // Retry ONLY if the error is code 50 (random authentication failure) // Do NOT retry on real errors break } } return result.ConvertToAPIUser(), err } func (api API) Search(query string, cursor string) (TweetResponse, error) { url, err := url.Parse("https://twitter.com/i/api/2/search/adaptive.json") if err != nil { panic(err) } queryParams := url.Query() add_tweet_query_params(&queryParams) queryParams.Add("count", "50") queryParams.Add("spelling_corrections", "1") queryParams.Add("query_source", "typed_query") queryParams.Add("pc", "1") queryParams.Add("q", query) url.RawQuery = queryParams.Encode() fmt.Println(url.RawQuery) var result TweetResponse err = api.do_http(url.String(), cursor, &result) return result, err } func (api API) GetMoreTweetsFromSearch(query string, response *TweetResponse, max_results int) error { last_response := response for last_response.GetCursor() != "" && len(response.GlobalObjects.Tweets) < max_results { fresh_response, err := api.Search(query, last_response.GetCursor()) if err != nil { return err } if fresh_response.GetCursor() == last_response.GetCursor() || len(fresh_response.GlobalObjects.Tweets) == 0 { // Empty response, cursor same as previous: end of feed has been reached return END_OF_FEED } last_response = &fresh_response // Copy the results over for id, tweet := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Tweets { response.GlobalObjects.Tweets[id] = tweet } for id, user := range last_response.GlobalObjects.Users { response.GlobalObjects.Users[id] = user } fmt.Printf("Have %d tweets\n", len(response.GlobalObjects.Tweets)) // fmt.Printf("Cursor: %s\n", last_response.GetCursor()) } return nil }